Solucion impotencia

Two Texas newspapers recently published editorials and an opinion piece responding to a recent Child Trends report that ranked Texas No. 1 in the U.S. for repeat teen pregnancies. According to a recent Dallas Morning News article, despite Texas high teen pregnancy rate, the state has some of the most restrictive policies in the nation regarding minors access to prescription birth control. Summaries appear below.

Corpus Christi CallerTimes The “dismal teen pregnancy rate” in the Corpus Christi area has been “welldocumented,” a CallerTimes editorial states, adding, “Now is not the time to cut funding for programs aimed to curtail teen pregnancies.” The editorial notes that “Texas received more federal dollars than any state to support abstinence education with no money for comprehensive sex education.” It adds, “That approach has been an abject failure.” According to the editorial, “Insisting on abstinence for teen mothers having their second or third babies, without factbased knowledge about condoms and other contraceptives, is public policy with blinders on” (Corpus Christi CallerTimes, 9/8).
Houston Chronicle “We need to face the obvious Teenagers are having sex. And some of them are having it in middle school with repercussions, both public and private, that will last for generations,” a Chronicle editorial states. It adds that although sex education is “parents job, of course, … astounding numbers show that many parents need help.” The editorial continues, “Our schools need to discuss sex and contraception and they need to start in middle school.” According to the editorial, schools should teach “comprehensive sex ed” because it “helps teenagers to delay intercourse” and “makes them more likely to use condoms if they dont delay.” The editorial recommends that the state Legislature pass a law next year requiring schools to provide “medically accurate” information regarding contraception, in addition to promoting abstinence. According to the editorial, “parents should be able to opt out of school sex ed for their kids,” but the “default” in schools should be “straight talk about sex” (Houston Chronicle, 9/8).
Texas State Sen. Rodney Ellis/State Rep. Ellen Cohen, Houston Chronicle “Theres been virtually no impact on the reduction in teen pregnancy and births despite more than $1 billion in taxpayer funds invested in teaching young people that they should abstain from sexual relationships,” Ellis (D) and Cohen (D) write in a Chronicle opinion piece. They continue, “Clearly, this singleminded approach is failing our teens and taxpayers.” Ellis and Cohen write that a bill titled Education Works, which died during the committee process in the last legislative session, “was written to directly address the growing problem of teen pregnancy and births in Texas.” According to Ellis and Cohen, the bill “would ensure that teens learn about abstinence, healthy relationships, positive selfimage and about birth control so they can protect themselves from a pregnancy or sexually transmitted disease.” They add, “The current approach is simply not working for young people, taxpayers and ultimately the state of Texas” (Ellis/Cohen, Houston Chronicle, 9/8).Reprinted with kind permission from nationalpartnership.org. You can view the entire Daily Womens Health Policy Report, search the archives, or sign up for email delivery here. The Daily Womens Health Policy Report is a free service of the National Partnership for Women & Families, published by The Advisory Board Company.

© 2009 The Advisory Board Company. All rights reserved.

Gonorrhea (from Late Latin gonorrhoia where gonos means “seed” and rhoe means “flow”) is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that tends to attack the mucous membranes of the body. It is the second most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S.; the first being Chlamydia. The bacteria reside in the warm and moist body cavities of both men and women and are highly contagious. Gonorrhea is the most common cause of female infertility and is also known as “the clap” or “the drip”. Only a fraction of women infected with the disease show any symptoms, leaving them unaware of their condition. If left untreated, gonorrhea patients can develop pelvic inflammatory disease or PID (women), or an inflammation of the epididymis, prostate gland, or urethral structure (men), all of which are far more difficult to treat. What causes gonorrhea? Gonorrhea is caused by the growth and proliferation of the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The disease can survive in the eye, rectum, mouth, penis, throat, or vagina. This means that it can be transmitted through any variety of sexual contact.

News on Sexual Health / Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)

For the latest news and research on Sexual Health / Sexually Transmitted Disease, and to sign up to newsletters or news alerts, please visit our Sexual Health / Sexually Transmitted Disease News Section .Once infected, a person runs a high risk of spreading the bacteria to other parts of their body. For instance, someone with gonorrhea may rub his or her eye, inadvertently spreading the infection and elongating the treatment period. The infection can also be spread from mothers to babies during childbirth. Who is at risk of getting gonorrhea? Any sexually active person can become infected with gonorrhea. Rates of infection are highest among teenagers and young adults between the ages of 15 and 29. Those who have been diagnosed with and treated for gonorrhea in the past have no resistance to the bacteria.What are the symptoms of gonorrhea? Symptoms of gonorrhea, usually appearing between two and ten days after exposure, can take up to 30 days to occur and are sometimes so mild they are mistaken for something else. Most women with gonorrhea show no symptoms. In men, the symptoms includeYellow, green, or white discharge from the penis Testicular swelling and/or pain Burning during urination Women may experienceYellow, green, or white vaginal discharge Pain or burning during urination Pain in the pelvic region Conjunctivitis (pinkeye) Irregular bleeding (between periods) Vulvitis (swelling of the vulva) Spotting after intercourseThe infection, if spread to the rectum, can cause anal itching, anal discharge, and painful bowel movements. Gonorrhea, as a result of oral sex, can also occur in the throat, characterized by burning sensations and swollen glands. Many women with gonorrhea interpret the symptoms as those of a yeast infection due to the vaginal discharge.How is gonorrhea diagnosed? If you suspect that you have gonorrhea, a professional health care worker can take a sample of discharge from the urethra (men) or cervix (women) and use it to conduct laboratory tests. Throat and anal cultures may also be taken if any symptoms suggest a spreading infection. Due to the large amount of cases in which the two occur together, the samples will be tested for both gonorrhea and Chlamydia in a laboratory. It often takes a few days for the test results to be reported. A urine test can also be done that checks for the presence of the bacteria responsible for gonorrhea. How is gonorrhea treated? Because gonorrhea is a bacterial infection, it can be treated with antibiotics. Antibiotics for the infection can be taken orally or via injection. It is important that the patient does not engage in sexual interactions until he/she has finished all of the prescribed treatment. Feeling better does not always mean that the infection is gone. Medical professionals will advise that any infected person notify everyone with whom they have had relations with in the past month about the infection. How can gonorrhea be prevented? Using a condom every time you have sex reduces your chance of contracting gonorrhea. Bacterial infections such as gonorrhea are more common among the promiscuous. If you have even the slightest inclination that you or your partner may be infected with gonorrhea, abstain from sex until consulting with a medical professional.

The Los Angeles Times examined the documentary movie “Sex Positive,” which chronicles the lives and efforts of three men who sought to promote safe sex during the early years of HIV/AIDS in the U.S. According to the Times, late singersongwriter Michael Callen, activist Richard Berkowitz and Joseph Sonnabend, a virologist and personal physician of Callen and Berkowitz, together “actually invented the notion of safe sex.” With professional guidance from Sonnabend, in 1983, Callen and Berkowitz coauthored “How to Have Sex in an Epidemic One Approach,” the “first document to identify and advocate medically safe sex, which encouraged condom use” along with other practices, the Times reports. “Sex Positive” will debut in theaters on Friday (Goldstein, Los Angeles Times, 6/14).

A UNICEFfunded study from Swaziland has shown that sexual violence against female children is linked to lifetime STD contraction, pregnancy complications or miscarriage, unwanted pregnancy, and depression. The findings are reported in an Article published Online First and in an upcoming edition of The Lancet, written by Dr Avid Reza and Dr Matthew Breidling Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA, and Dr Jama Gulaid, UNICEF, Mbabane, Swaziland, and colleagues.

Sexual violence against girlsdefined as female children younger than 18 years of ageis a substantial global health and humanrights problem, and a growing concern in subSaharan Africa. However, few studies have been done about sexual violence in this age group. In this study, data from a nationally representative sample of girls and women aged 1324 from selected households in Swaziland was obtained. The questionnaire looked at the types of sexual violence that occurred before the respondent was age 18 years, circumstances of the incident, and healthrelated conditions. A total of 1244 women and girls responded (96% of those surveyed).

The researchers found that 33% of respondents reported an incident of sexual violence before they reached 18 years of age. The most common perpetrators of the first incident were men or boys from the respondents neighbourhood (32%) and boyfriends or husbands (26%). The first incident most often took place in the respondents own home (26%). Sexual violence was associated with a threeandahalf fold increase in both reported lifetime experience of sexually transmitted diseases, and risk of pregnancy complications or miscarriages. Sexual violence increased by three times the risk of unwanted pregnancy, and more than doubled the risk of selfreported depression.

The authors say “This study documents that sexual violence against girls younger than 18 years of age affected one in three women aged 13 24 years in Swaziland and has serious health consequences. About 5% of girls had forced intercourse and 9% had coerced intercourse before 18 years of age. About threequarters of the perpetrators of sexual violence against girls were men or boys from the respondents neighbourhood, boyfriends or husbands, or male relatives.”

They conclude “Thus, perpetrators of sexual violence are either partners or well known to the girl, which is common across many cultures. This pattern could indicate the vulnerability of girls to victimisation and the importance of cultural factors that influence relationships between men, women, and children. Future strategies should focus on prevention of perpetration by men of sexual violence against girls, and since sexual and intimate partner violence might have common roots, local and national initiatives could be reviewed, adapted, and potentially scaled up for this purpose.”

In an accompanying Comment, Dr Laura Murray and Dr Gilbert Burnham, Center for Refugee and Disaster Response, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA, conclude “To date, health programmes have largely avoided the needs of children who have been sexually abused, as such programmes seek a wider focus in reproductive health and genderbased violence in adults. A shift in focus to include children is even more urgent in areas with high seroprevalence of HIV. This persistent global tragedy for children is too large to continue ignoring.”

Link to article

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced that it is requiring manufacturers of two prescription topical testosterone gel products, AndroGel 1% and Testim 1%, to include a boxed warning on the products labels. The agency is requiring this action after receiving reports of adverse effects in children who were inadvertently exposed to testosterone through contact with another person being treated with these products (secondary exposure).

The gels are approved for use in men who either no longer produce testosterone or produce it in very low amounts. Both products are applied once daily, to the shoulders or upper arms. Only AndroGel 1% is approved for application to the abdomen. Precautions in the current labels instruct users to wash their hands after using the product and to cover the treated skin with clothing.

“These drugs are approved for an important medical need, but can have serious, unintended side effects if not used properly,” said Janet Woodcock, M.D., director of the FDAs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “We must ensure that the adults using them are wellinformed about the precautions needed to protect children from secondary exposure.”

In 2007, 1.4 million prescriptions for AndroGelthe most commonly dispensed gel form of testosteronewere dispensed by U.S. retail pharmacies. Approximately 25,000 of those were dispensed for offlabel use in women. During the same period, some 370,000 prescriptions were dispensed for Testim, according to data from SDI Vector One National.

Despite the currently labeled precautions, as of Dec. 1, 2008, the FDA has received reports of eight cases of secondary exposure to testosterone in children ranging in age from nine months to five years. Since that time, additional reports of secondary exposure have been received by the agency and are presently under review.

Of the fully reviewed cases, adverse events reported in these children included inappropriate enlargement of the genitalia (penis or clitoris), premature development of pubic hair, advanced bone age, increased libido, and aggressive behavior.

In most cases, the signs and symptoms regressed when the child no longer was exposed to the product. However, in a few cases, enlarged genitalia did not fully return to ageappropriate size and bone age remained modestly greater than the childs chronological age.

In some cases, children had to undergo invasive diagnostic procedures and, in at least one case, a child was hospitalized and underwent surgery due to a delay in recognizing the underlying cause of the signs and symptoms.

Signs of inappropriate virilization (development of male secondary sexual characteristics) in children and the possibility of secondary testosterone exposure should be brought to a health care providers attention.

In most of the cases, users of these products failed to follow appropriate use instructions, resulting in direct contact between treated skin and the child.

The required label changes will provide additional information about the risk of secondary exposure and the steps that should be taken to reduce this risk. The FDA also is requiring that the manufacturers of these products develop a Medication Guide as part of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy to ensure that the benefits of these products continue to outweigh their potential risks.

The FDA recommends the following precautions be taken to minimize the potential for secondary exposure

Adults who use testosterone gels should wash their hands with soap and warm water after every application;
Adults should cover the application site with clothing once the gel has dried;
Adults should wash the application site thoroughly with soap and warm water prior to any situation where skintoskin contact with another person is anticipated;
Children and women should avoid contact with testosterone application sites on the skin of men who use these products; and
Adults should note that use of any similar, but unapproved, products from the marketplace including the Internet that can result in the same serious adverse effects should be avoided.

Health care professionals and consumers may report serious adverse events (side effects) or product quality problems with the use of these gels to the FDAs MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program either online, by regular mail, fax or phone.

Online fda.gov/MedWatch/report.htm
Regular Mail use postagepaid FDA form 3500 available at fda.gov/MedWatch/getforms.htm and mail to MedWatch, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 208529787
Fax (800) FDA0178
Phone (800) FDA1088

“President Obamas push to reenergize the fight against the AIDS epidemic in the United States led to concern that he was going to allow U.S. global leadership in fighting the disease to languish,” a Washington Post editorial says, adding, “Those fears ought to be calmed after Mr. Obamas announcement Tuesday of an initiative that will sustain” the Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.

PEPFAR is a “successful” and “groundbreaking program” that a recent study found prevented about 1.2 million deaths, the editorial says. It adds that about $18.8 billion was spent on the program between 2003 and 2008 and that Congress and former President George W. Bush last year authorized $48 billion for PEPFAR over five years. Obamas plan “boosts” global health spending to $63 billion over six years, the editorial says, adding, “PEPFAR would receive the bulk of the funding ($51 billion). The rest would be aimed at averting unintended pregnancies and eliminating some tropical diseases.”

According to the editorial, “[e]fforts to end deaths from AIDS will continue to fail until ways are found to slow and eventually halt the number of HIV infections. This task will fall to Dr. Eric Goosby,” who earlier this month was named U.S. global AIDS coordinator. “For more than 25 years, Dr. Goosby has fought the epidemic,” the editorial says, concluding, “He has helped develop and implement major treatment programs in South Africa, Rwanda, China and Ukraine. Given this vast experience, Mr. Goosby must make it a priority to find ways to bring down the rates of HIV infection” (Washington Post, 5/7).

Reprinted with kind permission from kaisernetwork.org. You can view the entire Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, search the archives, or sign up for email delivery at kaisernetwork.org/dailyreports/healthpolicy. The Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report is published for kaisernetwork.org, a free service of The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.

© 2009 Advisory Board Company and Kaiser Family Foundation. All rights reserved.

“President Obamas push to reenergize the fight against the AIDS epidemic in the United States led to concern that he was going to allow U.S. global leadership in fighting the disease to languish,” a Washington Post editorial says, adding, “Those fears ought to be calmed after Mr. Obamas announcement Tuesday of an initiative that will sustain” the Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.

PEPFAR is a “successful” and “groundbreaking program” that a recent study found prevented about 1.2 million deaths, the editorial says. It adds that about $18.8 billion was spent on the program between 2003 and 2008 and that Congress and former President George W. Bush last year authorized $48 billion for PEPFAR over five years. Obamas plan “boosts” global health spending to $63 billion over six years, the editorial says, adding, “PEPFAR would receive the bulk of the funding ($51 billion). The rest would be aimed at averting unintended pregnancies and eliminating some tropical diseases.”

According to the editorial, “[e]fforts to end deaths from AIDS will continue to fail until ways are found to slow and eventually halt the number of HIV infections. This task will fall to Dr. Eric Goosby,” who earlier this month was named U.S. global AIDS coordinator. “For more than 25 years, Dr. Goosby has fought the epidemic,” the editorial says, concluding, “He has helped develop and implement major treatment programs in South Africa, Rwanda, China and Ukraine. Given this vast experience, Mr. Goosby must make it a priority to find ways to bring down the rates of HIV infection” (Washington Post, 5/7).

Reprinted with kind permission from kaisernetwork.org. You can view the entire Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, search the archives, or sign up for email delivery at kaisernetwork.org/dailyreports/healthpolicy. The Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report is published for kaisernetwork.org, a free service of The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.

© 2009 Advisory Board Company and Kaiser Family Foundation. All rights reserved.